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Education
Educational Structure
Integration
In Italy , the complete integration in all types of schools is effective. A short historical and legislative note is important to understand the integration process.
Twenty-five years after the start of the school integration process, the results achieved reveal a very high degree of integration, as may be seen from the following data:
Data of integration (word)
In each school there are support teachers, depending on the size of the school: 1 support teacher for 138 students. When there is a pupil with serious disability derogation is possible.
With regard to the practice of sports, Law No 104 states that there must be "no limitation whatsoever" on its practice and that "accessibility and usability of sports structures and related services by handicapped persons" must be guaranteed, where "usability must be understood to include the presence of properly trained technical staff to treat the different types of handicap".
Integrated sport activities in schools
In Italy, schools organises sport activities for the pupils, under the indications of Ministry of Public Education (MPI). The first laws concerning integration of pupils with a disability in the educational structure date from 1975. Special schools were abolished. All students who needed special education were now integrated in normal schools (until the age of 15), with the aid of specialised teachers.
Frequently this leads to spontaneous integration in school sports. In the official school competitions, integration is realised for some initiatives of teachers, but not in the official national school competitions.
Thereby municipalities more frequently organise and finance some local competitions for disabled schools' pupils: normal pupils are present and see their class-rooms friends during their competitions and the feeling increased more and more.
There are schools, in different countries that realise some special projects for disabled school sport. Often local sports federations for disabled sponsor and promote these initiatives and push up the projects. So school integration became the start point for a new attention and for collaboration between the schools and the sports federations.
On the website of Ministry of Education there are a specific links for people with a disability.
Education for trainers/teachers
a) The support teachers receive a vocational training with two-year specific polyvalent course organized by Ministry of Education: since 1999 there is University specific training.
b) Since1998, the institution of the new university in Motricity Sciences (in accordance with Bologna agreement) educates the Physical Education and Sport Trainers/Teachers- training. This training comprise an APA (Adapted Physical Activity) training (4 – 6 ECTS) in the basic formation. Many universities begin also a following specialized training in APA (2 years) and master (normally 1 year).
Actually 30 universities have open basic training (3 years):
The following Universities sturt up also APA specialisation course: 2 years after the 3 years of basic formation :
Others interesting websites
www.bdp.it/handitecno
www.istruzione.it/argomenti/handicap
APAITALIANA, is an interesting site, which was set up very recently and whose goal is to become the reference point for APA in Italy. APAITALIANA, a legally-constituted non-profit ONLUS association, is the Italian section of IFAPA (International Federation in APA), whose President is on the Committee of Honour of APAITALIANA. On this website, indications concerning European training, conferences and congresses will be made available, and there will be areas available for discussion among the disabled.
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